Saturday, December 12, 2009

craving grace

Totally immersed in a wild plantation, surrounded by like-minded humans and animals, where my greatest amusement comes from listening to a chorus of frogs drown out the murmur of guests on a dark night, I'm so removed from my other reality. It's easy to ignore the news. Too easy, in fact, I have no idea what's going on in the world right now. The people I meet are at least willing to listen and accept our way of life for a few days. Then what? I spend so many nights imagining the rest of my life-- the causes I will be dedicated to, the people I could help, the policies I will fight. And the more I think, the more I see a huge wall building itself in front of my dreams.

All the people in the West who don't want to hear my logic, who don't care about people they haven't met, who still--and will always-- think of the earth as their private property (and will sue anyone who says otherwise), they terrify me. In this pseudo-utopia, I can barely hear their flimsy rhetoric anymore, but I fear it. I don't want to be trampled, abused and ultimately a failure in my cause. Even some of the adventurous travelers I meet here are skeptical about something as simple as organic food. How deep into our psyches have the corporations penetrated? "That's all nice, but how will organic agriculture feed the world's population?" they ask. How can it not? Do we have a choice? How long can the world's population deign to be fed by the industrial food chain-- based firmly in a dwindling and pathetically unreliable resource (petroleum)?

Family and friends-- please do me a favor. Save some of the world's biodiversity in your backyards. Start a garden. Grow heirloom varieties and plant crops people tell you don't grow here. Get to know your soil. Get your hands dirty. Watch the stars instead of television. Buy food from local farmers who grow their produce organically. Be aware of where your dollars go.

Sometimes the state of the world feels so urgent-- so desperate! But people wiser than me have written wise words for stressed out individuals like myself. Here are a few of them:

"Little by little, our cultivated plant species and varieties are disappearing from our orchards, kitchen gardens and fields, to be replaced by a few productive varieties which are often insipid. Will such extinction be as severe as that of the wild species? Maybe not-- there will always be some relentless individuals who hold on zealously to their grandfathers' apple trees and grandmothers' onions. In the human world, eradication is seldom complete if we remain watchful. For what is rare is dear and becomes sought after...Just as with war, so it is with plants-- in case of an invasion there are always pockets of survival. When the barbarians demolished the Roman Empire, Christianity survived in the Irish, Scottish and Byzantine monasteries, and when peace returned, these islets blossomed and spread throughout Europe...

We have chosen to break our alliance with the majority of the cultivated plant species, but this rupture has not been all-encompassing; many gardeners and farmers have kept the faith and in the depths of their conscience have remained united with the earth... The abandonment of our cultivated plants is only temporary; it is a step in our development where we sought to banish Nature to test ourselves, later to experience the joy of seeing her gallop towards us again."

~Claude Bourguignon "Regenerating the Soil"

"The closest my heart has come to breaking lately was on the day my little girl arrived home from school and ran to me, her face tense with expectation, asking, 'Are they still having that war in Afghanistan?'

As if the world were such a place that in one afternoon, while kindergarteners were working hard to master the letter L, it would decide to lay down its arms. I tried to keep the tears out of my eyes. I told her I was sorry, yes, they were still having a war.

She said, 'If people are just going to keep doing that, I wish I'd never been born.'

I sat on the floor and held her tightly to keep my own spirit from draining through the soles of my feet. I don't know what other mothers say at such moments; I suppose some promise that only the bad men are getting hurt. I wish I could believe in that story myself. But my children have never been people I could lie to. My best revenge against all the dishonesty and hatred in the world, it seems to me, will be to raise right up through the middle of it these honest and loving children."

~Barbara Kingsolver "Small Wonder"

Tuesday, December 8, 2009

education

Reading about soil feels like reading a religious text.



The knowledge is invisible and sacred. It's a world of shadows that we rarely see, but that nurtures us all and can be used for good or evil. Agriculture is a kind of alchemy. It is taking stones and death and creating gold: new life. The stones contain minerals; inert matter that is brought to life by an unseen conversion by microbes and microfauna into sustenance. The channels of new life are invisible to us, in the world of light: the roots, in the universe of the soil... a kind of spirit-world. Chemists can study the parts and the pieces, but only a grower of plants can know the true potential of the life beneath their feet. The names of bacteria that fix nitrogen into the soil from the atmosphere, one of the most important processes for life on earth, have names like gods: Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactor. And more than their mythical counterparts, these gods truly deserve worship.



That which we have reduced to chemistry is truly magical and deserves a deep, spiritual respect to all who grow and all who consume plants (that means you). The soil is more than a physical support for plant life. It holds the secret of the transformation of inert matter into all life on earth. The chemical fertilizers used in "conventional" agriculture pervert this ancient system and confuse the spirit of the soil, slowly killing it, and because we have lost our connection to the earth, we can't see how it is killing us too.



Those of you who know me well know how long I've struggled against religion and even fate. But there's something deep and sacred here, in what I'm learning and the things I'm seeing. One can't have a respect for plants if one has never really seen them grow. We have our gardens, our flowers, our lawns, but it's just a dressing for our material existence. Until we live in the garden we can't truly understand the power that exists in plants. And the power we consume when we eat them. If the energy that goes into their production is unnatural, so is the energy we take into ourselves. If the energy that grows your food is natural and well-intentioned, we take that into our bodies when we eat each meal. And the knowledge of that energy sustains our mind, body and soul.



Why have we detached ourselves from the soil? When did we let ourselves drift away from our (literal) roots? Was it when von Liebig burned a living plant and reduced it into elements? Was it when war-science artificially obtained nitrogen to make a bomb, and then to fertilize our food? Was it when crusaders murdered the spiritual connection ancient civilizations had with nature and artificially melded Pagan gods with Christian demons?



Living in a country where the culture is not so far gone as ours gives me hope for my own. But how long before this culture is corrupted? I see religious harvest festivals conducted for genetically engineered crops. I see the cradle of compost using toxic white powder to produce food that has never needed it before-- why now? Only 2% of America's population are still directly employed in agriculture, but the majority of Indians are still farmers. How can we restore the reverence our ancestors had for the earth? Why do we assume they were ignorant, just because they were not well-versed in organic chemistry. Perhaps they knew more than we know now.



Think of your mother: the most complex relationship in our lives. The earth is humanity's mother. She created us, and she has nurtured us. But we are abusing her. Like our mothers she continues to nurture us whether we want it or not, but as our abuse continues she has aged too quickly and grown bitter and tired. Could you ever reduce your mother to three elements? Would you ever presume that she needs just three nutrients to live? Why would we assume that of the earth?



I know this all sounds over the top. The processes on earth really are just chemistry and physics. But reach past your staunch logic and find some magic in your heart. How is chemistry anything but unwinding a spiritual mystery? How is carbon any less than a piece of the infinite and mysterious universe? It is both arrogant and degrading to think that once we understand something, it is no longer a part of the larger cosmic conundrum and therefore we may use it however we please-- to the detriment of all the rest we still don't understand.



All I know is that Nature has been around a lot longer than we have, and her processes are not random. If we had kept listening to her, instead of pulling away, we wouldn't be in this mess. And I don't think anyone can deny that we are in one hell of a mess.



Wednesday, December 2, 2009

Mysore

My trip to Mysore last weekend was intended to be a relaxing getaway from what has become a hectic work schedule. It succeeded in making me grateful for what I have at Rainforest Retreat, if inadvertently. I saw many interesting and beautiful sites, but in the end, the city just isn't my place. I much prefer the quiet and most importantly the friendly atmosphere of Mojo Plantation. I can now appreciate the description of Madikeri as a "sleepy" town. The first thing I did in Mysore was get picked up by an autorickshaw driver who took me to all the "nice places" he knew I would just LOVE in Mysore. I actually ended up in some pretty cool places... like this incense/oil shop where I rolled a stick of incense and was sold over-priced oils by the man in white shown here. They were all very excited about Thanksgiving, and I learned the virtues of Vodafone's cheap SMS services as the dealer sent his American friend a Thanksgiving message! After visiting the oil shop the driver took me to "the best silk shop in Mysore," where I ended up having an interesting conversation with the guys that worked there about the "point system" that lets auto-drivers rack up points for bringing unsuspecting tourists (like myself) to their shops. It's totally informal, but becomes a very effective marketing relationship. We also talked about good sales techniques for people who may find themselves in the shop without really wanting to be there (again... like me). I almost bought a super expensive pashmina scarf just for the interesting conversation, but thought better of it. After visiting these two places, I ditched my auto-driver and headed back to my hotel for a moment of recooperation and cocktail hour. Once I'd perked up again, I went to the Devtaj Market, where I met Azam (pictured), another oil and incense salesman. He told me I had overpaid for the oils I bought, but it was too late, so I didn't get anymore. He ordered us chai and we drank it behind his counter and chatted about his other foreign "friends" and he showed me his treasured notebook full of tourists' praises and pictures. The next morning I headed to Srirangapattana, a temple town and site of a historical Sultan, Tippu. I'm not actually sure of the history behind it all (my tour guide at the mosque spoke questionnable English), but the architecture was certainly beautiful. I was back to Mysore by lunch, after a whirlwind tour of the town. That afternoon I finally made it to Mysore Palace (also known as the Maharaja's Palace). It was absolutely gorgeous inside, but unfortunately no cameras were permitted in. Outside was the usual zoo of tourists, including a very sad-looking elephant to ride. I declined, because it looked so damn sad. I'm back at the plantation now, and feeling good to be out of the city. We have a few weeks until the chaos of the holidays, with tons of guests, and I'm sure plenty of stress. But I'll take it as it comes.

Saturday, November 7, 2009

The Last 20 Days

Warning: This post is really long.

Recollecting and pontificating upon my last 20 days is a daunting task. I’m still trying to organize it all in my mind.

Celebrating Diwali with rum and barbecued chicken; explaining a meaningless American holiday to an 11-year-old Indian girl while helping her carve a dolphin into her first jack-o-lantern; swimming in the Indian ocean with a new friend and watching the moon set as the men of a fishing village together heave their boat into the ocean for a morning catch; a profound meeting with 15 young children, who think I am an English teacher, who think I have something to teach them, who make me realize that though the world is not as vast and inaccessible as I once thought, it is still complex, fragile, and terrifyingly vulnerable.

There has been a shift. Whether a shift in my energy, my purpose, my understanding, I’m not sure. Something feels different. Perhaps it’s just a sense of settling in. The weather has changed and the mornings here are cooler, the earth is less damp. There is more vatta in the air—I feel like taking action.

A few weeks ago I was feeling uneasy about my purpose here. Did I really come to the other side of the world to chat up rich Indians and get foreign guests their beer? I had so much happiness at home in my safe, comfortable life. By the time I left I didn’t feel such a great need to break free, because I was so happy. So why am I here?

When one gets comfortable in a place, it becomes difficult to see the big picture. And the picture is really so immense.

++++

Diwali is a celebration linked to Dasara, which I celebrated in an earlier post. In northern India, Diwali is THE holiday. It is celebrated for days on each end with firecrackers and lights all over the cities. Here in South India it isn’t such a big affair. It is the celebration of Ram’s return home after his victory over a demon (this victory is celebrated on Dasara). It is celebrated on a moonless night when fireworks shoot light up into the sky and homes are decorated with more traditional diyas to light Ram’s path home to Ayodhya.

For most of the day, I was only dimly aware of the holiday. There was little preparation and not too many “Happy Diwali”s to be exchanged. As night fell, I found myself in my room, reading a book, when Maya knocked on my door.

“Do you want to come help light the diyas?”

Maya was wearing a traditional Indian dress-- the kind with many little round mirrors sewn into the fabric. The mirrors reflected the lights of the diyas that had been lit, which were sitting in a neat little row on a bench against the house.

Photos courtesy of Erin DeCou

I lit a few candles Maya had made earlier in the day with wax from last Diwali and set them next to the appetizer plate of French salami and homemade bread. The French salami had come to us courtesy of Ludwig Cramer, a dear friend of my hosts, the Goels. Ludwig is German, but lives half the year in India caring for another organic farm and guest house operation about 3 km from our own. He is the local distributor of EM, or effective microorganisms, in the area. Diwali was his first night back in India after six months in Germany, and it was the first time I’d met him, though the Goels reference him often.

After drinks by the diyas, we grilled chicken on the fire pit by the guest houses. After dinner Matt tuned up the ol’ banjo and we made the Indian jungle ring with American folk and rock classics. The undisputed apex of the night was Matt’s rendition of Bob Dylan’s “Isis,” as Anurag whooped into the night and Ludwig gazed admiringly, almost longingly, at the twangy stringed instrument and its skilled manipulator.

++++

In stark contrast to the Hindu holidays of October, which are surrounded by tradition, folklore and stories every child knows by heart, is the mixed-up bipolar American mutt we know as Halloween.

Maya was intrigued by the concept of pumpkin carving. Why on earth would you carve a pumpkin? This was the general sentiment we came up against in trying to explain the tradition. It’s a surprisingly difficult question to answer. Matt had the brilliant explanation for the origin of Halloween: November 1st is All Saints Day in the Catholic faith, and people would dress up the night before as saints. He stopped there and didn’t quite have an explanation for how a tradition of dressing up as a saint slipped and fell into that of donning a sexy witch costume or dressing your child as a ghost and begging for candy at the neighbors’ doors. And absolutely nobody had a good explanation for carving pumpkins.

Nonetheless, it’s an incredibly fun holiday, and we celebrated by ushering Maya into the world of squash-sculpting. Our four little pumpkins lined the sill above our buffet in the dining area for all to admire, with a special dolphin pumpkin punctuating the meal at the end of the row. In our own little way, we brought a tiny bit of home to the farm for this one goofy holiday that we couldn’t not celebrate.

Courtesy of Erin DeCou

++++

Gardening is very therapeutic. It is also an excellent way to turn hard work (I mean back-breaking physical labor) into a very satisfying product. I have been spending more time in the garden lately, and it lightens my mood every time. Making a new bed more fertile with slurry from the biogas chamber and turning the soil to make a home for plants to grow is an exercise in nurturing. Everything in the garden feels very personal. Even carrying the chickens down, one by one, to work the beds is special. I love holding the bird against my chest as it clucks carelessly all the way from its coop to the 2 by 4 foot cage on our brand new bed (replete with grubs to eat and dirt to kick up). I always marvel at the richness of the soil in which we plant our tender seedlings. I think they are lucky to have such a lovely place to take root.

++++

For the longest time I felt strange that I had come all the way to India and seen only the Rainforest Retreat and Madikeri town. After almost two months on the farm, it’s begun to seem very normal. I meet so many people who are traveling all over the country, I feel like I’ve been many of the places I keep hearing so much about. But I still haven’t really been anywhere. So finally, after a month and a half, I left Madikeri, and went to the beach.

The trip was longer than we expected. Erin and I set out for our girl’s day at the beach at 8:30 am on the bus into town. We finally landed up at Turtle Bay Resort in Trasi village outside of Kundapur around 6 pm. But once our feet were in the sand that bumpy, dusty, sweaty bus ride was forgotten. The next 36 hours were spent on a level of relaxation only possible in a hammock on the beach. We snacked on seer fish, sipped on sweet lassis, dipped in the Indian ocean, and even enjoyed an hour-long Ayurvedic massage. It was truly indulgent.

The morning we left we woke up early to watch the sun rise. Because we were facing directly west, it was more like watching the sky lighten. We walked out of our room to see the most crisp, white moon, low in the west over the blue-ish dawn-colored waves. As we watched the colors in the sky change from nearly green to blue to pink, we also had the luck to see a boat from the next-door fishing village being launched into the water. This was intriguing because it was purely an act of manpower. Wooden rollers were placed in the sand in front of the long, canoe-like vessel, and ten or so men heaved in unison to move it forward, moving the last roller at the stern up to the bow over and over until it reached the ocean. It was just one of India’s many unexpected juxtapositions when after such a production to get the boat in the water and all ten men inside, the motor was quickly switched on and they all went chugging into the morning to catch their fish.

On the bus back home, as we began climbing back up into the hills, the air became cooler and less humid, the landscape became more forested and I was glad to be heading home. We arrived back to find several new additions to the crew at Mojo Plantation. Stella the dog had been pregnant for the previous two months and had finally given birth to a litter of puppies. Some were stillborn, but three survived. They are only a few days old now, and make the sweetest squeaks and grunts, warmly nestled beneath their mother’s thick fur in a wooden chest-turned-doghouse by the office.

++++

A couple of weeks ago, Erin, Chitra, Ravi, a few guests and I walked down to Kaloor River. On the way down Erin, Chitra and Ravi stopped at a few farms to interview the owners about their crop yields and chemical usage as a part of the social survey they are conducting. I was mandated with entertaining the guests so we walked behind them and then down to the river more or less separately. We met up at the river, and Erin asked if I would like to go to the local Kaloor Primary School to visit with a teacher there. I felt like I should stay with the guests so, though I was interested, I declined. Erin came back from the school about 15 minutes later with a look on her face I couldn’t place. She told me about the school: 15 kids, aged 5 to 12, and one teacher. There had been four teachers, but two were transferred and one absconded into town, so now she is alone with all the kids. She asked Erin and Chitra if they were interested in coming to teach English every once in a while and, of course, they said yes. Erin asked if I’d be interested in helping out. Easy question.

We have been busy here at Mojo Plantation, so we hadn’t had a chance to visit the school again until yesterday. We walked down to the river with one guest in tow, who was also interested in seeing the school. As we approached the schoolhouse, a straight row of four schoolrooms, we saw the children on the veranda, doing a maths lesson with their teacher. As soon as they caught sight of us, they stopped what they were doing and stood up and in unison chimed “Hello!”

We all moved into the classroom, the floor and walls of which function as one big chalkboard. It seemed dark and dreary inside until the shutters were opened and the desks filled with inquisitive, shy faces. The teacher, Helen D’Souza, called each child up separately to introduce themselves. It became immediately clear that their knowledge of English was purely the ability to parrot back sounds to Helen. She singled out a few of the children, telling us that their families are very poor, or that one little girl’s father is “a drunkard.” We listened to their English rhymes, and one in Kannada. Then Helen asked us to teach them a new English rhyme. We settled on “Itsy Bitsy Spider.” The hardest part of our “lesson” was getting the spider motion down. I was nervous, so I could barely even do it. I realized that the rhyme was totally meaningless to them, so I tried to explain a bit of what the words mean, but it was too much new information to stuff into one rhyme.

I’m not sure how to feel about these kids, or the teacher. It saddened me, to see their learning conditions, and to know that this was their safe place with a sure meal. At home they work. School is their safe haven. The teacher, Helen, is obviously the source of this security. She is familiar with each child, and particularly with Sarawati, a deaf girl (with the drunkard father). Helen mentioned that Saraswati is her favorite, and if she doesn’t come to class Helen gets bored and sends the other children to fetch her. There are always a few kids missing from the class, stuck at home for one reason or another. During the monsoon, when unimaginable rains descend for weeks on end, most of the children still trudge to school in inadequate footwear and without rain jackets or umbrellas.

The government affords this school 50 paise (half a rupee) per child per day for lunch. Helen says this is not enough. She spends from her own purse to buy decent vegetables for the children. “It’s worth it,” she says, “when there is a good vegetable and a child says, ‘Good curry.’” Without a hint of martyrdom.

All the clothes the children wear are given by the government—their school uniforms. But it’s not enough. I asked what the children need most. Helen said “Shoes.” She also wishes for a computer for her classroom, so her students can learn skills that will make them employable, so they can have enough to feed their own children some day. Of Saraswati, Helen says after primary school she will be sent to a special school for the disabled where she will learn a basic trade so she can earn a wage. It hurt me to hear a life so planned, and so inescapable. But it’s the best she can hope for.

I wonder what I can actually do for these kids. Rain jackets and shoes are good for a few years, then where will they get their next pair of chappals? How can a few months of infrequent English lessons change their lives? I can only do what I can. But it makes me wonder what is the root of their problems? There are so many obstacles to the standard of living they don’t even know they deserve. And I shudder to think how good these kids have it compared to millions of other children in India and all over the world. These thoughts are daunting, and I know many people wrestle with them all their lives. So for now, I’ll put away my philosophical musings, because these kids can use a little help right now.

Lauren

Thursday, October 22, 2009

First Original Mojo Recipe by Lauren.

When no guests are with us for dinner, the interns take over the kitchen.  One night I felt like experimenting… and this is what I came up with:

 

Mojo Mashed Potato Fry (gotta come up with a better name)

Serves about 4.

Ingredients

Filling:

4 small potatoes

1 tomato

1 small green pepper (or ½ large green pepper)

3 small cloves garlic

1 small red onion

(everything is smaller here, because it’s local and organic)

1 tsp. fresh coriander

Salt, black pepper and red pepper to taste


Batter:

2 eggs

¾ c. white flour

¼ c. water

¼ tsp. salt

 

Boil potatoes, quarter and remove skins.  Mash in a bowl with fork and set aside.  Chop tomato, onion, coriander and green pepper, mince garlic.  In a cast iron frying pan on high heat, add cap-full of cooking oil and saute vegetables, coriander and garlic until brown.  Add potato and fry with veggies and oil.  Mix veggies and potato in the pan and put aside in bowl, add salt and pepper to taste. 

In a separate bowl, beat 2 eggs in with flour and salt, add water until consistency is slightly thicker than pancake batter, beat until smooth.  Add another cap-full of oil to pan and pour half the batter like a pancake.  Slide spatula underneath to prevent sticking to pan.  Once the batter begins firming up on the top-side, spoon half the filling onto one half of the circle of batter and fold other half over the top.  Flip over and cook until inside batter is a little gooey but not runny, and outside is golden brown.  Repeat with rest of batter and filling. Cut into quarter slices.  Serve hot.


Friday, October 16, 2009

Solo Trekking

I spent my day off exactly as I intended. Seeing more of this beautiful place. The pictures don't do it justice...First I walked to Kaloor River.
Then I strolled down a road to the "cow temple" and back to the Retreat. I got sidetracked a lot and found the most beautiful views. All in all, a good day. Lauren

Thursday, October 15, 2009

A week of rain, a temple of gold and a night of light

I have officially been living in India for 1 month.  It seems like a long time until I consider how long I have yet to go.  In that time, I’ve had an adventure or two, but mostly I’ve been grooving in the daily grind.

About two weeks ago, Erin, Matt, Chitra and I went to the Golden Temple in Kushal Nagar.  A portion of this area was ceded by the Indian government to Tibetan refugees as a number of “camps.”  Some of these camps are off-limits to anyone without a pass, but there are monasteries there which are a big tourist attraction.  The Golden Temple is a huge, ornate temple that can only be accurately described pictorially:





Inside the temple are huge statues of Buddha and other Tibetan deities.  The halls in which these treasures were located were totally silent… almost.  There were more tourists there than monks.  Even though a sign in the doorway to the temple reads “please be silent, this is a place of worship” the room was brimming with hushed whispers and obnoxious camera clicks.  Despite the number of tourists, we were still the only non-Indians on the grounds.  Because of this, I was unable to meditate in front of the stolid, 50-some-foot gold Buddha statue without a group of young Indian men snapping unwanted pictures of each other next to me (freaky giant pale girl) as a sat on the floor with my eyes closed. 

Despite this, the site was formidable and demanded respect.  Our best idea of the day was to follow the advice of a shop-keeper next to the Golden Temple and hike about 2 kilometers down the road to another (much larger) monastery called “Sera.”  The walk itself was lovely, past rolling farmland and we even snuck a peak at some traditional Tibetan artwork in-progress.

The monastery itself was more of a town, and devoid of tourists.  Even the monastic university was deserted, since we’d come on the last day of summer break.

The week after we visited the monastery it started raining.  It didn’t stop (not even for one hour) for about five days.  Karnataka was in the international news with reports of flooding in the north.  While we were in the midst of this unwelcome downpour, it felt as though we’d never be dry again.  The volume was such that our raincoats ended up making us even more wet, because they were soaked completely through.  I gave up on jeans, which take forever to dry, and wore only my lighter, more fast-drying pants for the whole week.  Then one day… SUN!  And for the last week or so, we’ve been enjoying very pleasant, sunny weather.

The last event of note was Dasara.  The Dasara festival celebrate the god Ram’s triumph over an evil demon.  In North India, Diwali is the most celebrated festival on the Hindu calendar, but in the South it’s Dasara.  We went with some of the staff into town at around 10 PM and got back around 1AM.  The town was completely shut off to automobile traffic and giant, bright, lit-up floats depicting this scene of triumph rolled through the streets followed by giant arrays of speakers blasting pop music.  In front of the slowly progressing float was a throng of people dancing wildly to the music.  All the buildings were lit up like Christmas on steroids.  It was a huge party.  Matt, Erin and I were tired before we even left.  By the time we got back we were totally exhausted!  But it was worth the trip to see another side of Madikeri.  Once again, only pictures could do it justice:


My coworkers! From left: Erin, Matt, Lakshman, Leela, Kumar, Muthupandi


Tomorrow I am taking a much needed day off.  I will spend the day trekking around the property and properly exploring as much of the farm and surrounding trails as possible.  I think a long, solitary trek is going to be very therapeutic.  I enjoy having the guests around and meeting new people, but I am missing all the alone time I usually have at home.  I will bring my camera so all my friends and family can see my home… finally!

 

Lauren 

 


Tuesday, September 22, 2009

Starting to Feel Like Home

Having finally finished my first week, things here at Mojo Plantation are beginning to settle, and it’s starting to feel like home.  My work entails making bookings for the hospitality sector of the farm and NGO, the Rainforest Retreat, via email, arranging transport to and from the property for guests, accounting for the finances of the Retreat, greeting guests when they arrive, telling them about the plantation, etc.  I feel like I have a good grasp on all my duties and that allows me to spend more time enjoying the place and less time worrying about it!

It’s becoming clear that the four interns here were chosen for good reason.  Everyone has a unique and innovative perspective to bring to organic farming.  Chats during tea are the highlight of my days.  Each talk morphs with the hours, and we generally end them by devising a plan to delve into the issue further.  We are all acutely aware of the amount of time we will be here together.  There is so much time to plan and execute a million projects.  The first few weeks are meant to be spent learning and acclimatizing, but everyone is so eager to start on their projects.  Our days seem full and exhausting, belying their leisurely pace.  The amount of information we receive in a single day is… intoxicating.  I can’t get enough.  I am realizing that every one and every thing here has a lesson to teach.  On Sunday at tea, Sujata came down to tell a guest about the farm and how it started.  The story was an inspiration.  Her passion and enthusiasm was infectious. 

We went into Madikeri, the nearest town, last Friday for Market Day.  It was so fun!  When I first stepped out of the car I was nervous and felt extremely out-of-place.  But with Sujata there to guide us and buy flowers for our hair, and my fellow interns by my side, I soon became enthralled in everything I saw.  An old warehouse was transformed by local growers pedaling their colorful produce.

Everyone seemed happy to see us, and some were even eager for us to sample their food.  My first purchase was peanuts and dried salted soy (I think) beans.  The man selling them had beckoned us over and dumped handfuls of these treats into Erin’s and my hands as we said “No, no, no thank you!”  He just nodded and smiled and tried to give us more.  Partly because of his generosity and partly because they were actually quite tasty, we ended up buying a packet of both.

Outside of the warehouse pavilion we found a seemingly endless market place.  Sujata navigated it like the pro she is, while we shuffled around awkwardly taking pictures of people in their normal lives. 


I think now I will feel comfortable going into town on my own for my needs.  We can call Charlie, the autorickshaw driver, anytime for a ride into town.  I plan to get a few khurtas this week, so I have more clothes to make filthy.

Back at the farm… this weekend Ravi took some guests on a trek into the hills and all the interns tagged along.  The day was alternately sunny and overcast, with a dampness in the air that coaxed sweat from our pores before we’d even begun.  Ravi took us up a road past several small farms until we finally turned off the road and onto a trail.  Most of it was a gradual incline, but at times a few of the guests were overwhelmed by the steep grade.  When we emerged from blinding jungle into a greenscape of rolling hills, covered in Shola forest and grasslands, I literally had tears in my eyes.  The Retreat is so buried in the forest, you never see more than 50 meters in any direction until your view is blocked by the foliage.  Here my line of sight was unending.  The furthest mountains were mostly obscured by clouds and finally a breath of wind cooled our sweaty faces.  I sat silently on the grassy hill, towering over the rice paddies of Kaloor village below. 

My greatest regret of the day was not bringing a camera.  Thankfully Erin and Matt brought theirs, so I should be able to steal a few pics to illustrate the view.

So for now I’m just learning from this place—all the plants and animals and the people.  I’m constantly humbled by new knowledge.  I’ve already sworn off all GM food and will spend the rest of my life trying to eat locally. It’s great to know that your food is good down to the soil it was grown in. 

 

Lauren 9/22/09


Thursday, September 17, 2009

I posted a few pictures of my immediate surroundings. More interesting pictures to come. Check them out on my Picasa page! http://picasaweb.google.com/laurenkerickson Lauren 9/17/09

Tuesday, September 15, 2009

Woops!

Many of you were unable to read my last post in full, so I posted it again. Let me know if there are any more problems! Lauren

Monday, September 14, 2009

So I made it to India. The ride to t...

I made it to India!


After 20+ hours of flight, I finally got to stretch my legs on the subcontinent.  I stayed my first night on a farm in Bangalore.  It's about 11 acres, I'm told, and only 10 years ago it was on the very outskirts of town.  Now a suburb has grown up rapidly around it (not exactly what you'd think of as a suburb in the States).  It's amazing how fast the city is changing.  More thoughts on that later. The ride to the Rainforest Retreat was unreal.  In Bangalore on the way out, transvestite beggars called Hijdas came up to the car window, clapped and said, “Give me your money,” while staring directly into my eyes.  It was unnerving.  I later had someone explain to me the story behind these people and why they beg so directly.  Apparently they used to be valued members of society, because in the Hindu religion, many of the gods are androgynous so they would come to sing and entertain at births, weddings, etc.  Now that many of the old ways have been discarded, this tradition has been tossed aside and the Hijda population has been alienated.  Because they are not getting the respect they were once given, they ask for money very directly, in order to assert themselves to receive a bit of respect.  There are many things I've experienced which I don't understand.  At first they are frightening and I feel out of sorts, but once I get some background, I gain a whole new understanding and appreciation for them.


The drive was a cultural experience in itself.  Driving is more instinct than skill.  Horns are honked to alert other drivers to the car’s presence as it passes its neighbor with less than a foot of clearance.  I got used to it quickly, and trusted Anurag to get us all there in one piece.  We saw three or four accidents on our way.  All along the highway between Bangalore and Madikeri, people are walking, transporting giant bags of silkworm cocoons on bicycles, playing with children, or just sitting outside on their stoops.  Each city seems to be “known” for something.  We passed the “Silk City” and a town known for their wooden toys and another town known for its sugar cane.  The town of Bylacuppe is home to a large enclave of displaced Tibetans.  As we neared it we saw monks riding motorbikes and walking along the street.  As we climbed into the hills, the condition of the road worsened.  Anurag said there were plans to improve it but they had been held up.  He said the two biggest problems facing this country are overpopulation and corruption, both of which lead to other problems, including poor road quality.  Past Mysore we saw more and more plantations along the side of the road.

 

There’s so much to do and explore.  I’ve been touring and exploring all day and I’ve barely seen anything.  Every inch of the place is green.  This morning I followed Mootoo (spelling?) to take the cows out to pasture.  From my room all I can see is dense forest, but from the trail to the pasture I could see the rolling hills.  I feel so humbled by all the life here.  Some of it is so beautiful and bold, and some of it is almost invisible.  There is a cricket that sings in the evening and it sounds like a giant bird, it’s so loud and strange.  There are fireflies here.  I only saw a few last night, but apparently in April they are everywhere and they light up fields at night.  Sounds incredible.  Today we had lunch with a group of snake surveyors from the UK.  Matthew was in heaven talking to them.  He’s a self-taught naturalist.  It’s so interesting how everyone speaks a different kind of English.  Even Matt and Erin, who are from Philadelphia, speak a little differently.  Today I had a conversation about language with my roommate, Chitra.  She is a fascinating person.  She told me all about the Tamil language.  Apparently there are different dialects for each caste!  She said she had to learn two kinds of Tamil in school and if she spoke the wrong one at home she would be scolded.  She doesn’t believe in the caste system, however, so she prefers to speak only English and Hindi.  She also said in lots of areas in Southern India people protest their children learning English in school both because it was forced on their ancestors by the British and because it is so informal, it makes it harder to learn their mother tongue.  I am learning so much from her.


We are so isolated.  It’s a 20 minute drive into Madikeri, which is the nearest town.  And I feel so isolated, culturally.  People really do stare at you (in a good way).  I can barely communicate with anyone outside of this place.  Their English is rudimentary and they speak a mix of about 3 different languages at once.  It will be a real trip to go into town this Friday (market day) to buy some clothes.  I can’t wait to get my clothes!  Chitra has some beautiful kameezes (long tunics) that are very plain but still gorgeous.  The most beautiful thing about India is the women!  Their clothes are unspeakably beautiful.  I’ll take some pictures in town and put them up  ASAP.

I look forward to beginning my work at the farm.  Getting into a routine will be most welcome!  I'll update with pictures in the following week or so!

Lauren 9/14/09

 

 

 



Tuesday, August 25, 2009

Brief Background on Agriculture in India (report from EGEO 310)

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India’s Exhausted Green Revolution

Mariana McCrory

Lauren Erickson

Seth Werner

Zeck Koa Donahue

Thomas Kearney

EGEO 310: Developing World

Professor Mookherjee

June 1, 2009

INTRODUCTION

In 1943, India dealt with what is considered to be the world’s worst recorded food shortage known as the Bengal Famine. An estimated four million people died due to starvation, and it has been seen that a lack of food production was the main cause of this catastrophe. After the British left India in 1947, India set targets to increase food production and secure its country from another tragic famine. The Indian government in turn adopted the practices of the Green Revolution between the years of 1967 to 1978. The Green Revolution contains three main agricultural techniques, the continued expansion of farming lands, farming two crop seasons per year instead of only one, and seeds which have been carefully selected for genetic superiority. All three of these elements were used in making India self-sufficient in food production, and by the 1978-1979 season, India had recorded a grain output of 131 million tons and became one of the world’s biggest agricultural producers. The Green Revolution affected India’s agricultural sector greatly, but it also affected the country in many other ways as well. Specifically, it can be noted that the Green Revolution played a large role in the changing of the environment, society, and the economy. Because of intense controversy concerning the agricultural practices of the Green Revolution, it is important to review and analyze how the Green Revolution directly and indirectly impacted other aspects of the country and how future progress will result.

Social

It is critical to analyze the effects of the Green Revolution on social class and marginalized populations. In Amartya Sen’s Development as Freedom (2000), Sen asserts that the people of a less-developed country must be empowered and given freedom, including freedoms regarding economic pursuits. Although the shift in India’s agricultural sector dramatically affected the livelihoods of everyone engaged in small- to large-scale agriculture, the burdens of the Revolution were unevenly dispersed among populations such as women. It is also important to note the Revolution’s effect on traditions and ceremonies, in order to assess whether this development occurred within or outside of the dominant culture. It has been posited that the most effective development is that which occurs within the prevalent cultural paradigms.

Traditional Ceremonies/ Religion

Agricultural rituals were developed to respond to occurrences resulting from traditional agricultural practices. The green revolution initiated a second growing season, produced by an “artificial monsoon” of irrigation. This interruption in the natural/traditional cycle throws off certain rituals that are associated with a time of the year, which has been established to coincide with different parts of the agricultural cycle. For example, in West Bengal land preparation rituals known as Halpunya are performed on the first day of the Bengali month of Magh (January-February), the broadcasting of seed known as Rohini is practiced in the month of Jaistha (May-June), etc. For many, if not all, small farmers, each functional agricultural practice is associated with a religious ceremony. In villages where Green Revolution technology has been successful, these rituals have become almost non-existent. However, areas that have been less successful still practice these rituals because “…The peasants are taking a higher risk for planting these modern varieties without adequate irrigation or effective nutrient management. So they draw comfort from the familiar…” (Samaddar 2008)

Women

The marginalization of women as a result of the Green Revolution is largely a function of the reduction in agricultural jobs in rural communities. As some farming families become more wealthy, they are afforded the opportunity to practice Purdah, or female seclusion, thus relegating women, once active in the family’s economic sphere, back into the private sphere, where they have little agency in their community. (Parthasarathy 1997)

The Green Revolution has also suppressed traditional sources of knowledge. Where women were once a part of a traditional agrarian culture, engaged in knowledge production, new technologies and practices have established Western science as the superior source of agricultural knowledge. While studies have argued that men, even in traditional Indian culture, are generally regarded as more knowledgeable that women, the present departure from cultural knowledge serves to further distance Indian women from decision-making and agency in their community’s economy. (Jewitt 2000)

Income and Class

In Samaddar’s study of technology adoption and social change in two villages in India, he finds that all peasants in the assessed villages reported an increase in annual income. Despite this fact, “a widening income gap between various landowners within the village and especially between the two zones is more evident.” Also notable is the fact that “large landholding peasants have higher income compared to small landholding families.” The study notes that this gap is the result of disparities in resource access and availability of “proper infrastructure facilities.” As resources continue to be depleted as the result of unsustainable practices, access to these resources will become more limited, thus widening this gap and complicating relations within farming villages. (Samaddar, 2008)

Economic

India has deep historical roots in agriculture. With over 72% of India’s 1.1 billion people living in rural areas, agriculture still plays an important role in providing the basic necessities to the majority of its population (World Bank, 2009). Indeed, although agriculture only accounts for 21% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP), it employs 60% of India’s entire labor force (CIA, 2009).

Prior to the Green Revolution, India was deep in international debt. Drought, wars, famine and inflation all had taken their toll on the economy of India’s fledgling government as it struggled to pay for importing food to feed its starving people (Rothermund, 1993). India recognized early on, that the first step in saving its people from starvation and its economy from ruin was to become self-sufficient in agriculture.

The benefits of the Green Revolution on Indias economy were many. With a surplus of food being grown by farmers in India, India became the second largest exporter of foodstuffs, enabling it to pay back all its loans to the World Bank (Rothermund). Increased agricultural intensification brought with it a rise in demand for manual labor and the creation of new industries built around manufacturing and supplying pesticides, fertilizers, well pumps, and irrigation technology.

Unfortunately, the economic boon of the Green Revolution in India was not felt everywhere. Regional differences among the twenty eight states in India on access to water, pesticides, fertilizers, and funding led to disparities in wealth acquired in the Green Revolution. The states to benefit by far the most were Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh. From 1973, Punjab and Haryana went from jointly producing annually an average of 2 million tons of rice to producing in 1990 7.4 million tons (Rothermund, p. 142). In comparison to the state of Andhra where in 1973 it produced 6 million tons of rice to producing in 1990 just over 8.8 tons of rice, an increase in production of less than 10% in over two decades.

The reforms in agricultural policy during the Green Revolution which played such an important part in helping farmers have not been able to keep pace with the world market. In times where world prices for agricultural goods were low government support for agriculture was high and vice-versa when world prices were high (Mullen, Orden, & Gulati, 2005).

Environmental

The green revolution has made the yield of agriculture product increase since the 1960’s. As a result of this mass production of agriculture products and new techniques introduce from the green revolution, the environment has been in danger from water pollution and soil erosion. The green revolution introduced methods of agriculture to India that uses large amounts of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides that have become harmful to the people and has made some of the exporting crops unwanted by other countries. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in India has made the drinking water in some area unsuitable for consumption. For example, fluoride contaminated water that causes the disease fluorosis, is affecting 65 million people in India. This is due to phosphatic fertilizers that are being used in agriculture all around the country. Using such fertilizers, as well as the depletion of aquifers, is causing the contamination of water to reach drastic proportions. One way that poisonous contaminants are reaching India’s drinking water is from rain runoff of land being used in agricultural practices.

Deforestation of large areas is being cleared to create cropland for agriculture. As a result soil erosion is causing the land to be unusable in the future. It is estimated that 145 million hectares are in need of conservation measures. In Maharashtra, for instance 32 percent of the land has been eroded and is now no longer cultivatable. Intense erosion occurs in the sub-humid and per-humid areas of India due to high rain fall and poor management of the land. Erosion of soil can case harmful pesticides to percolate down into aquifers and contaminate drinking water. Also harmful pesticides can travel with eroded soil to habitable bodies of water and cause eutrophication to occur killing off mass amounts of fish and water life.

To help stop the contamination of water and soil erosion from happening, India has several options: eco-friendly microbes can be used for fertilizers to stop contamination, sprinkler and drip irrigation will improve timely irrigation, and a gradual shift from chemical to ecological farming is an option to make India’s agriculture production more sustainable.

CONCLUSION

To some extent the Green Revolution had a successful impact in India. The constant looming threat of starvation that was plaguing the country prior to it’s being implemented has for the most part been eradicated. As evidenced by the earlier claims however, the results of the Green Revolution have not always been good. In a country that already struggles to cope with gender and class issues, it has often served to only exasperate the problem distancing the gains made by both groups and in its goal for financial gain it has often come at the cost valued traditions held for centuries. Even the economic gains made have favored some regions over others and they have been progressively falling behind in competing with today’s global market. The revolution has had a drastic effect on the environment as well, causing the soils and water to be contaminated with chemicals and this in addition to India’s age old indigenous forests are being lost to crop land at an astounding rate. All of these factors are only serving to hind India’s overall development. The Green Revolution was a great short term solution to an immediate problem, but its lack of foresight has potentially made many long term problems worse. Because India’s population is still on the rise, a new form of innovation needs to be reached, one that will be able to provide food for all its citizens and be capable of feeding them for generations to come as well as improve social and economic factors too. For this a sustainable solution needs to be reached. Monkombu Swaminathan, an Indian scientist of Agriculture has presented one such solution, modifying the Green Revolution into an Evergreen one. To maintain and increase the present crop yields and still being sustainable, he focused on a plan to harness the traditional wisdom of the Indian people while at the same time integrating frontier science and technology. Taking into account the fact that genetically enhanced crops only increase the potential of greater yield, Swaminathan proposed greater investment be put into the management and environment they grow in. He proposes this by promoting education, access to information and technology for farmers allowing them to intensely monitor their crops for things like Nitrogen levels, growth stage, pest pressure and simulation models that allow them to observe in real time the effects present and future weather will have on their immediate crops. Through this monitoring crops can be given what they need only when they need it, allowing for less capital investment and environmental degradation. The implications of such a process could really be India’s bright hope for the future. It is definitely apparent that something needs to be done and the Evergreen Revolution just might be a step in the right direction.

REFERENCES

CIA (2009, May). CIA: The World Factbook. Retrieved May 15th, 2009 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html

Mullen, K, Orden, D, & Gulati, A (2005, February). Agricultural Policies in India: Producer Support Estimates 1985-2002. Retrieved May 14th, 2009 from http://www.ifpri.org/divs/mtid/dp/papers/mtidp82.pdf

Rothermund, D (1993). An Economic History of India. Routledge; 2nd Edition.

Swaminathan, M. S. 2000b An Evergreen Revolution. Biologist 47, 85-89 http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/5/2293

World Bank (2009). India: Priorities for Agriculture and Rural Development. Retrieved May 14th, 2009 from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/EXTSAREGTOPAGRI/0,,contentMDK:20273764~menuPK:548214~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:452766,00.html